ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã«ãžããšä»®æ³é貚ã¯éæ³ãïŒå¢çç·ãšææ°ãªã¹ã¯ãçè§£ãã
æ¥æ¬æ³ã§èŠãããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã«ãžãÃä»®æ³é貚ãã®åºæ¬è«ç¹ æ¥æ¬åœå ã§ã®ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã«ãžãã®å©çšããšãä»®æ³é貚ã«ããå ¥åºéãããããæå€§ã®è«ç¹ã¯ãåæ³äžã®è³åèŠå¶ãšè³é決æžã»AMLïŒãããã³å¯ŸçïŒèŠå¶ã®äº€å·®ã«ãããæ¥æ¬ã®åæ³ã¯ãå¶ç¶ã®åæã«è²¡ç£äžã®å©çãè³ããè¡çºãååãšããŠçŠããŠãããæ¡æäžã¯ãè³åããšãåžžç¿è³åããåŠçœ°å¯Ÿè±¡ã«äœçœ®ã¥ãããããã§éèŠãªã®ã¯ããã©ãããã©ãŒã ã®ãµãŒããŒãæµ·å€ã«ãã£ãŠããåœå ããè³åè¡çºãå®è³ªçã«è¡ãã°ãè¡çºå°æ§ïŒã©ãã§æ³çã«è¡ããããšè©äŸ¡ããããïŒã®èгç¹ã§æçºãªã¹ã¯ãæ®ãç¹ã ãå ããŠãéå¶åŽãåœå€æ³äººã§ãã£ãŠããå©çšè ã®å°ççæåšãè³åã®å®æ ã«å¿ããŠéæ³æ§ã®è©äŸ¡ããªããããã 仿¹ã§ãä»®æ³é貚ã§ã®æ±ºæžãã§ããã°éæ³æ§ãèãŸãããããã¯å¿åæ§ã«ããå®å šãšããéä¿çãªèª€è§£ãæ£èŠãããããããã¯æ³çã«æ ¹æ ããªããæ¯æææ®µãæ³å®é貚ã§ããæå·è³ç£ã§ãããè³åè¡çºã®æåŠã¯æ±ºæžææ®µãšã¯ç¬ç«ã«å€æããããããããæå·è³ç£ã¯äº€ææ¥è ãçµç±ããå Žåããã©ãã«ã«ãŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ãæ¬äººç¢ºèªãªã©ãéèèŠå¶äžã®ãã§ãã¯ã匷åãããåŸåã«ããã宿ãªãå¿åãå©çšã¯éçšãã«ããã ãŸããæµ·å€ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ïŒäŸïŒãã«ã¿ããã¥ã©ãœãŒãªã©ïŒãæ²ãããµã€ãã§ãã£ãŠãããããæ¥æ¬åœå ã®æ³çè©äŸ¡ãèªåçã«å·Šå³ããããã§ã¯ãªãããæµ·å€ã§èš±å¯ãããŠããããæ¥æ¬ã§ãå®å šããšããç絡ã¯é¿ããã¹ãã ãããã«ãåºåã»ã¢ãã£ãªãšã€ãçµç±ã§èªåŒãããã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãè³åã®å¹å©ãäžæ£ãªå§èªãåé¡åããå¯èœæ§ããããå®éãåœå ã§ã®æçºäºäŸã¯æ£çºçã«å ±ããããŠãããåžæ³å€æãåå¥äºæ ã«äŸåãããæ³çã°ã¬ãŒã«èŠããé åã»ã©ãçµæè²¬ä»»ãéãã®ããããããšãèã«éãããããã詳ããèŠç¹æŽçã¯ãæèãèžãŸãã解説ã§ç¢ºèªã§ããïŒãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã«ãžã ä»®æ³é貚 éæ³ïŒã çµè«ãšããŠããä»®æ³éè²šã§æãã°åæ³ããšããçè§£ã¯èª€ãã§ãããåœå ããã®è³åè¡çºã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠãªã¹ã¯ã䌎ããå人ã¯ãã¡ããã玹ä»ã»ä»²ä»ã»æ±ºæžã«é¢äžããäºæ¥è ã«ãšã£ãŠããåäºãªã¹ã¯ãæ°äºãªã¹ã¯ããããŠéèåœå±ã«ããè¡æ¿å¯Ÿå¿ãšããäžå±€ã®ãªã¹ã¯ã䞊è¡ããŠç«ã¡äžããããç¹ã«çæãå¿ èŠã ã ä»®æ³é貚決æžã®ä»çµã¿ããããããªã¹ã¯ãšèª€è§£ ãããã¯ãã§ãŒã³ã¯éææ§ãé«ããååŒå±¥æŽã¯å ¬éå°åž³ã«äžå€çã«å»ãŸããããããã³ã€ã³ãªã©ã®äž»èŠãã§ãŒã³ã¯ãå¿åãã§ã¯ãªãã仮忧ãã«éãããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®é¢é£ä»ããé²ããšãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®è¿œè·¡å¯èœæ§ã¯ãããäžãããåœå å€ã®äº€ææ¥è ïŒVASPsïŒã¯KYC/AMLã匷åããéåä¿¡å ã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ããã©ãã«ã«ãŒã«å¯Ÿå¿ãé²ããŠãããçµæãšããŠããä»®æ³é貚ãªãè¶³ãã€ããªãããšããçºæ³ã¯å®åã«ãããŠæç«ãã«ãããéæ³æ§ã®æœè±ãäŒå³ããå©çšã¯ãèŠå¶ã®ç¶²ã«ããã£ãŠåŒã£ããããããæ§é ã«ããã æè¡çãªåŽé¢ã§ã¯ãäŸ¡æ Œå€åãšææ°æå€åãç¡èŠã§ããªããå ¥éæãšã²ãŒã å®è¡æãåºéæã®ã¬ãŒãå·®ã§æå€±ãçãããããããã¯ãŒã¯æ··éã§æ¿èªæéãé å»¶ããããããåºéã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãéžããããšããããããã«ãèªå·±ä¿ç®¡ãŠã©ã¬ããã®ç®¡çãã¹ïŒç§å¯éµã®çŽå€±ã»ãã£ãã·ã³ã°è¢«å®³ïŒã¯ãæ³å®é貚ã®éè¡å£åº§ãšã¯æ¯èŒã«ãªããªãäžå¯éæ§ãæã€ã匷åºãªã»ãã¥ãªãã£éçšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããã埩å ãã¬ãŒãºã®é©åãªä¿ç®¡ã倿®µéèªèšŒãããŒããŠã§ã¢ãŠã©ã¬ããçã®å¯Ÿçãåæãšãªãã æ¶è²»è ä¿è·ã®èгç¹ã§ããªã¹ã¯ã¯å€ããã¯ã¬ãžããã«ãŒãã®ãã£ãŒãžããã¯ã®ãããªä¿è·ãåã°ããçŽäºè§£æ±ºããã»ã¹ãäžéæãªäºæ¥è ãååšãããæµ·å€ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ã§ãã£ãŠããçŽäºè§£æ±ºã®ãã©ãŒã©ã ãæºæ æ³ãåœå€ã«èšå®ãããŠãããšãå®å¹çãªææžã¯å°é£ã ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã«ãžãéå¶è åŽã®æ¬äººç¢ºèªã»å¹Žéœ¢ç¢ºèªã責任ããã²ãŒãã³ã°ïŒå ¥éå¶éã»ã¯ãŒã«ãªãã»èªå·±æé€ïŒãªã©ã®äœå¶ãã©ã®çšåºŠæŽã£ãŠãããã¯ãå®å šæ§è©äŸ¡ã®èãšãªãã å ããŠãå°åãããã¯ãå©çšèŠçŽã§æ¥æ¬ããã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã»å©çšãçŠããæèšãããå Žåããã®åé¿è¡çºã¯èŠçŽéåã®ã¿ãªããæ³çåé¡ãèªçºããããæè¡çãªææ®µã§å¶éãè¿åãã詊ã¿ã¯ãèŠçŽéåãéæ³è¡çºã«ã€ãªããããé¿ããã¹ãã ãçæçãªå©äŸ¿æ§ã®è¿œæ±ããé·æçãªãªã¹ã¯ïŒã¢ã«ãŠã³ãåçµãææ»æåŠãæ³ç責任ïŒãå¢å¹ ãããç¹ãçŽèŠãããã äºäŸãšèŠå¶ååïŒäžçã®æœ®æµã𿥿¬ã®å¯Ÿå¿ åœå ã§ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããçµç±ã®è³åã«é¢é£ããŠå©çšè ãé¢ä¿è ãæçºãããå ±éãæ£èŠãããã倿ã¯åå¥ã®äºå®é¢ä¿ã«å·Šå³ãããããè³åã®å®æ ãç¶ç¶æ§ãå©çèŠæš¡ãé¢äžã®çšåºŠãªã©ãéèŠããããããè£å€äŸã®äžã«ã¯ãéå¶ã®æåšãä»çµã¿ãåœå ããã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®å®æ ãè©³çŽ°ã«æ€èšããéæ³æ§ãè¯å®ã»åŠå®ãããã®ãæ··åšãããã€ãŸããåçŽãªãæµ·å€ãµãŒããŒïŒã»ãŒãããšããå³åŒã¯éçšããªããããããäžç¢ºå®æ§ã¯ãå©çšè ã»ç޹ä»è ã»æ±ºæžé¢äžäºæ¥è ã®ãããã«ãæ³çã³ã¹ããæŒãä»ããã åœå€ã®èŠå¶ååã俯ç°ãããšãè±åœãªã©ã¯ã®ã£ã³ããªã³ã°ã»ã³ããã·ã§ã³ãæ¬äººç¢ºèªãåé¡ã®ã£ã³ãã«å¯Ÿçã峿 ŒåããŠãããæå·è³ç£ã«ããå ¥åºéã«ããªã¹ã¯è©äŸ¡ãæ±ãããEUã§ã¯AMLæä»€ã®åŒ·åãç¶ããVASPsãžã®ç£èŠã»å ±å矩åãæ¡å ãFATFã¯å¿åæ§ã®é«ãææ³ãããã·ã³ã°ãµãŒãã¹ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãææããååŒã®å¯èŠåãšå¶è£éµå®ãåœéçã«èŠè«ããŠããããã«ã¿ããã¥ã©ãœãŒãªã©ã®ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ç®¡èœã§ããéææ§ãç£ç£æ çµã¿ã®å·æ°ãé²ã¿ãã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ã®æ°ŽæºãåºäžããããŠããã…